Renaming SharePoint Server Name

When you rename the windows server name, then all the services stops running as it'll not update the new name in IIS and Central Admin.

To Update the new name in IIS

Rename the server name from IIS by right clicking on server name in connections pane on the left in IIS. Select Rename, provide new name, and then save the connection.

For Central Admin 

Use powershell command Rename-SPServer to rename the server

After renaming the server, update Alternate access mappings for all sites referring old server name.